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1 Visiting Colombia
2 Entering Colombia with a Car or Motorbike
3 Driving in Colombia
4 Gas and Diesel price in Colombia
5 Safety and Security Considerations
6 Camping in Colombia
7 Navigation
8 Special Overland Travel interests
9 Vehicle Maintenance
10 Buy or sell a car or motorbike in Colombia
11 References
12 Helpful External links

Visiting Colombia

Colombia is a beautiful country which is now much safer than it's reputation. Many Overlanders wish they could stay longer. Borders are easy.

Entering Colombia with a Car or Motorbike

Correct as of: May 2013

Required Paperwork

Passport of registered owner (original and one copy)
Vehicle registration (original and one copy)
Drivers license (original and one copy)

Process at border

(To check if you need a travel Visa for Colombia, application instructions and fees see: Colombia Visa online application at VisaHQ.com)

The owner of the vehicle gains entry at Immigration (Migración), including a stamp in their Passport.
The owner must show the new passport stamp, original vehicle registration and original Drivers license to Customs (Aduana). Aduana may ask you for photocopies of your Vehicle Registration, Drivers Licence, Passport and Entry Stamp.
The owner is issued a temporary import permit for the vehicle.

Cost of entry

Free.

Permitted length of stay

Many nationalities are allowed entry for 60 days. US citizens receive 90 days per calendar year resetting Jan 1st. The temporary import permit for the vehicle will match the duration of the owners entry. UK citizens are given 90 days. Swiss citizens are given 90 days upon entry which can be extended for another 90 days per calender year, resetting on January 1st.

Extension of stay

The following extension process was done in Santa Marta, after originally shipping the van from Panama to Colombia, 89 days previously. To extend the temporary importation permit for another 90 days a written letter requesting additional time is required. This letter can be a very simple handwritten letter in Spanish. Take this letter and a photo copy of the letter to the Dian office (CRA 5, Calle 17) to obtain the required stamps. In Santa Marta you then take these papers with the newly acquired stamps to the other nearby Dian Office at the Sociedad Portuaria (CRA 1 Calle 10). Here they will complete the required paperwork and need to inspect the vehicle, then giving your vehicle an additional 90 days, at no cost. Sample letter requesting additional time provided below.

"Santa Marta, Febrero 18 de 2013

Senores,
Dian-division de gestion de la operation aduanera la ciudad Importacion temporal de vehicle de tourista.
Por medio de la presente solicito a ustedes prorroga de la autorizacion inicia no XXXXX (Number and date found on your original import paperwork) de Nov. 21 de 2012, expedida en la direccion seccional de aduanas de Cartagena, para el vehiculo Chevy Astro con numero de chasis XXXXXXXXXXX (for American vehicles insert your VIN number here) de color beige y ano de fabricacion 2004.

La autorization inicial vencera el XX/XX/XXXX (date your original importation expires) por consipuiente solicitio a ustedes una pronta repuesta a esta peticion.

Atentamente,

Signature
Full Name
Passport No. XXXXXX"

The following documentation package was created in early 2014 explaining how to extend your personal visa and vehicle permit in Medellin http://www.pawsontour.com/iea/DOWNLOADS/Grenzuebergang/Immigration_Visum_Colombia.zip

Storing a vehicle and temporarily leaving the country

Unknown.
Describe if/how a vehicle can be stored, and for how long.
Also mention if the owner / temporary importer can leave the country while the vehicle is in storage.

Exiting with a vehicle

By land to Ecuador

The registered owner presents the temporary import paper to customs.
The registered owner is stamped out of Colombia at immigration.

By ship, probably to Panama

See Crossing The Darien Gap for details.

Driving in Colombia

For a great overview, see: Driving in Colombia - fromAtoB.org

Insurance requirements

Insurance is mandatory in Colombia, and Police will most likely ask to see it. Like many South American countries, the insurance is called SOAT (Seguro Obligatorio Automóviles Transito).

Cost of insurance

Varies with the size of vehicle and size of the motor. Around $82.00 USD for two months for a 4x4.

Land Rover Defender 300Tdi 4x4 SOAT purchased in Ipiales was $75,000.00 COP in May 2013

1 month for approx. $80,000.00 COP for a 4 cylinder 2.5l van in Feb 2014 - you might need to check multiple insurance vendors to get 1 month insurance and/or possibly "modify" you temporary import permit to show less days allowed in Colombia. Otherwise the insurance company may claim they will only insure for the full length of the temporary permit. The police do NOT mind seeing insurance for 1 month and temporary permit for 3 months - they are usually surprised you have insurance at all.

Where to purchase insurance

Insurance brokers are common in even the small towns and and usually affiliated with banks. Ask around for "SOAT". You can find one on the 2nd floor of the white building found between Old Town and Getsemani in Cartagena - N10 25’30.6” W75 32’52.8”
Another place in Cartegena that sells short-term (one month) is close to the old town. It can be found at Avenida Carlos Escallon, in the building of Banco Bogota, marked as "Comfamiliar" (large metal doors), in the 8th floor (elevator goes only to 7th). GPS roughly 10.423875 -75.54865.

Driving license

Technically an International Driving Permit is required.
In reality, showing a license from anywhere in the world seems to be good enough.

Driving side of road

Right,
Right hand drive vehicles are permitted without problem.

Mandatory items in vehicle

None.

Roads

General Road quality

Roads in Colombia are generally sealed and good quality. If you venture into the interior, expect gravel roads that may be impassable in the wet season.

Road signs

Road signs are common on highways and in towns. It's usually not too difficult to find signage to get where you are going.

Toll roads

All bigger highways are tolled in Colombia. Expect to pay roughly $5.00 USD every 100km or so.

Bribery in Colombia

Police bribery is refreshingly far less common in Colombia than in surrounding countries, and it's very unlikely that you will encounter it on the main roads. The Colombian tradition of police corruption is very much supply side, involving Colombians cautiously trying to get out of fines or jail time, not police seeking to intimidate people into giving them. When people are stopped by police/military seeking money, it's usually pretty unintimidating—a sort of weird asking for help with gas money.

Because of the security history of Colombia, police/military are everywhere along the roads, and you should expect to be waved over with some frequency. This is not a big deal. They will take a look at your car, ask you who you are (they rarely ask for identification, if you are clearly a foreigner), and then wave you on. They have a serious mission to look for criminals/rebels, and aren't interested in tourists beyond a friendly curiosity.

There is a campaign of sorts to emphasize that the military is on your side. Flash a thumbs up at the police/military checkpoints, and they will give you a thumbs up in return, and are less likely to pull you over!

See the bribery tips page for general advice.

Checkpoints

Police and Military checkpoints are common in Colombia. You will be asked to present your Passport, Vehicle registration, drivers license, the temporary import permit you were issued at the border and your SOAT insurance. Driving without the required SOAT insurance is a sure-fire way to encounter bribery.

Traveling with pets

If you enter via road or boat it seems that nobody seems to care about pets. If you enter via airport (Panama-Colombia for example) it gets very complicated and you need to have lots of requirements! This travelers have a detailed document how they did it in January 2014: ^[1]

Gas and Diesel price in Colombia

Last updated: December 2012 (Diesel April 2014)
Prices can vary throughout the country by as much as 50%! Diesel is often called ACPM (Aceite Combustible Para Motores, means Combustible Oil for Engines).

Riohacha, Maicao and Uribia (all in the Guajira) have 40-50% cheaper gas & diesel at official gas stations! If you buy it from the street (not legal) it's even cheaper! Same for Cucuta.

When coming from Cartagena and going to Medellin, before you get to San Jacinto the gas was also around 15% cheaper! (around 3.6$/Gallon in Feb. 2014 instead of 4$) Same for the road from the coast down to Bucaramanga you will see gas stations with much cheaper Diesel.

Also when going from Bogota via Honda you can get 5-10% cheaper gas because they got a petrol plant there.

We found Diesel in the far South to be much less expensive than the Midlands and North, around $3,000.00 COP per Gallon (US) LESS. Possibly due to the proximity to Ecuador where its much cheaper still.

Currency and unit to display:

Gasoline Grade	Price
Plus/Corriente	$4.80 USD per Gallon (US)
Premium	About $5.82 USD per Gallon (US)
Diesel	$4.20 USD per Gallon (US)

Gas and Diesel Availability / Frequency

Gas stations are extremely common in Colombia, and shortages are not common.

Gas and Diesel Quality

Gasoline and Diesel are generally thought of as good quality. There are some gas stations that offer Biodiesel. The sulfur content of diesel should be since 2013 by law max. 50ppm. Diesel in Colombia contains 10% of biodiesel (B10).

Fuel from nearby Venezuela is easy to buy from roadside vendors near the border. The quality of Venezuelan fuel is higher and it can be purchased for less. Use caution as the fuel is often sold in weak plastic containers which is not safe for fuel storage.

Safety and Security Considerations

Driving at night

Everyone will discourage you from driving outside the cities at night, principally because the roads are dark, and accident rates are high.

The mountainous roads in the Andino region, which include major routes like Cartagena–Medellín, Cartagena–Bogotá, Medellín–Bogotá, Bogotá-Cali, and Bogotá-Santa Marta, can be very dangerous for simple reasons of topography. The winding, steep, two-lane roads slow trucks down to a snail's crawl, which makes for constant passing with little visibility around curves. You will have to worry both about your own passing and the potential for oncoming traffic constantly. At night these roads are very dark, fog is common, and rain will make it nearly impossible to see. There are few places to pull off, and even fewer lodgings near the mountain passes. La Linea de la Alta on the Bogotá-Cali road is notoriously dangerous, with a steady stream of fatal accidents at night.

Any time you consider a drive in the mountainous regions, start the trip as early as possible, and budget twice the amount of time you expect the drive will take—you don't want to do this after dark.

In certain sections of the country, driving after dark is unsafe because of political/security instability, with the potential for paramilitary roadblocks. The most well-traveled area for foreigners for which this applies is southwest, Atlantic departments: Cauca, Valle del Cauca, and Nariño (around Cali and Popayán). Another well-traveled, albeit smaller, area of concern is the Magdalena Department west of Santa Marta. You probably would be OK driving at night in these regions, but if you place a high value on your life, it's best not to risk it.

Vehicle parking

Auto theft is a very big problem in Colombia. Parking vehicles on the street in smaller towns during the day is usually OK, but a parking lot is still a good idea. Consider it absolutely necessary to park in a secure lot anywhere at night, and any time of day in the big cities. Medellín, in particular, is a notoriously bad place to park on street. Cost is something like $1.00 USD to $2.00 USD per night.

Special driving considerations

While the roads are well maintained (thank the expensive and frequent tolls), they get washed out and can become impassable during the rainy season. Because of Colombia's wildly varied topography, rainy seasons occur at different times of the year in the different topographic zones. Whenever possible, let locals know where you are going, and ask about road conditions. Pay attention to the TV news when its on, as the reporting on floods is very good.
Colombias are one of the nicest people you will meet on this trip, but by far one of the rudest drivers! They will overtake you in any turns, no matter how dangerous it is! So be very prepared to brake and always think for the other driver too, because they usually don't!

Security advisories and information

Camping in Colombia

Camping is not common or popular in Colombia, and very few hostels in touristy areas have camping to cater for backpackers. A few of the larger parks and reserves allow camping for a nominal fee. Choose roadside camping sites carefully.

Camping guide books

Unknown.

Drinking water

Tap water in Colombia is generally not safe to drink outside Bogotá, Cartagena, and Santa Marta.

Navigation

Signage

Signage is always there, but it's not necessarily that good. Route markers are not used, and the route numbers are not well known. Instead, all signage is done by listing upcoming cities and towns. Towns are usually on access roads off the highway, so it's good to follow signs for the town past the next one on your route, rather than the first one you expect to find. E.g., if you are driving southwest from Bogotá towards Cali, and the next signed place is Fusagasugá, aim to follow the signs for the destination past that (Melgar, Ibagué, or Cali).

Paper maps

For a high quality road map, buy before you get to Colombia.
Reise Know-How Maps are highly recommended, they are updated yearly. Order directly from the German website to ensure you have the latest version. ^[2]

GPS Maps of Colombia

Open Street Map: Appears to have good coverage.^[3] But remember that the route numbers given won't appear on any signage.
Garmin: Lists "Detailled" converage.^[4]
TomTom: No map of Colombia. ^[5]
Colrut: Probably the best free GPS map of Colombia updated often and includes tracks and trails ^[6]

GPS co-ordinates for camping, propane, gas, repairs, etc. in Colombia

Places in Colombia - Camping Places & Sights in Colombia from Pawsontour
Places in Colombia - Camping Places in Colombia from AtoB.org
Spectacular Places to Camp in Colombia - fromAtoB.org
Campgrounds (and Hotels) - Life Remotely
Camping Sites: Colombia - Detailed list of campsites and propane filling with description, directions and GPS co-ordinates. Some at hotels (lists facilities and price), some roadside and free.
Campsite Listing - South America | PanAm Notes - List of campsites, with directions and GPS co-ordinates. Some at hotels (lists facilities and price), some roadside and free.
Andes Expedition camping Locations - List of campsites, with basic directions and GPS co-ordinates. Mostly free sites.
Camping Log 2: South America - List of campsites, shopping, fuel, propane and border crossings with excellent descriptions and GPS co-ordinates.
Hackney Travel SA Waypoints - Raw GPS data (in gdb or gpx format) for waypoints (including campsites, fuel, repairs, propane and more)
The Silk Road Motocaravan Network - Raw GPS data for waypoints (camping, gas, propane, points of interest and more)